Iveta H. Pashina, Violeta R. Manolova and Stoyan R. Vezenkov
Center for applied neuroscience Vezenkov, BG-1582, Sofia, e-mail: info@vezenkov.com
For citation: Pashina I.H., Manolova V.R. and Vezenkov S.R. (2025) Parental Recovery as a Key Factor for the Recovery of Children with Screen Addiction – Biofeedback Therapy for Severe Disorders. Nootism 1(1), 83-89, ISSN 3033-1765
*This paper was presented by Iveta Pashina at the Second Science Conference "Screen Children" on November 23, 2024, in Sofia, Bulgaria.
Abstract
This study explores the interplay between the recovery of a 5-year-old child with screen addiction and autistic traits and the psychophysiological state of the mother, who experiences chronic stress and bulimia. Over a 20-week therapeutic process, the child underwent non-device-based therapy, while the mother received biofeedback neurotherapy. The study aims to analyze the symptomatic, functional, and psychosocial changes in both participants.
The findings reveal a strong correlation between the child’s progress and the mother’s stability. Early improvements in the mother’s autonomic regulation were linked to a reduction in the child’s stereotypical movements, enhanced attention, and greater social engagement. Conversely, periods of maternal regression—triggered by family conflicts and stressful events—coincided with the resurgence of automated behaviors, anxiety, and cognitive decline in the child. Notably, the therapeutic process accelerated once the mother made conscious decisions to change her personal life and parenting approach, ultimately leading to the resolution of the child’s screen addiction and the disappearance of autistic manifestations.
This study highlights the critical role of parallel therapeutic interventions for parents in addressing childhood addictions and neurodevelopmental disorders. The results underscore the necessity of a holistic approach that integrates neurophysiological regulation, psychosocial support, and family therapy as essential components of successful child recovery. These findings carry significant theoretical and practical implications for the development of integrated therapeutic models.
Keywords: screen addiction, autism, bulimia, biofeedback therapy, parental recovery
Introduction
Children with screen addiction suffer from a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, behavioral and cognitive deficits, as well as emotional and social maladaptation (Dong et al., 2021; Wu et al., 2023). They were often diagnosed with autism, ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, epilepsy, and other conditions (Yuan et al., 2024). This study raised the question of the dynamic interplay between parental well-being and its role in facilitating or hindering the child's recovery.
Our team’s experience indicated that treating children with screen addiction was an immense challenge requiring multifactorial resources. On one hand, therapists needed to be well-prepared to address both the addiction itself and the resulting impairments, which manifested in diverse symptoms. They had to possess not only strong theoretical knowledge and practical expertise but also an investigative approach tailored to each child and their family. Most importantly, therapists needed to maintain their own autonomic and cortical health—precisely where the child had been affected—to serve as a stable point of connection and a functional role model.
On the other hand, parents and the extended family played a crucial role in the recovery process, as it was well established that the environment significantly impacted the course of addiction treatment. Parents must be prepared for the stages of recovery, including regressions and complications, and be equipped both theoretically and at the neurophysiological level. They needed to develop the resilience to endure crises within the child and the family, maintain their own health as well as that of their other children, and serve as appropriate role models for a child recovering from screen addiction.
Furthermore, parents had to protect their children from all forms of toxicity during the recovery period. This often required confrontation—with their spouse, extended family members, institutions such as kindergartens and schools, and other external influences. The ability of parents to navigate these challenges effectively was a determining factor in their child’s successful rehabilitation.
Observations and collected data on parents of children with screen addiction were, to say the least, alarming. Most parents—sometimes only one, but often both—suffered from moderate to severe disorders, primarily psychophysiological conditions and symptoms indicative of significant autonomic imbalance. These included hypertension, irritable bowel syndrome, insomnia, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, chronic fatigue, and others.
For this reason, the therapeutic programs for treating screen addiction at our center incorporate a parallel approach, working with both the child and the parents. The intervention with parents went beyond mere consultation—it was a therapeutic process involving qEEG screening and biofeedback neurotherapy. This approach addressed adverse functional changes and specific symptoms, ensuring a more comprehensive and effective recovery process.
The quality of life of these parents, compared to those of parents of typically developing children, has been significantly lower due to factors such as an inability to work, lack of social support, and various additional challenges (Vasilopoulou et al., 2016). While multiple studies have identified "challenging behaviors" as the primary source of parental stress, only a few specifically have examined these behaviors in detail, highlighting instances of physical and emotional aggression, property destruction, and self-injury (Fodstad et al., 2012; Bonis, 2016; Alimohamadi et al., 2024).
This report presents a clinical case illustrating the dynamics between the condition of a child with screen addiction and an autism diagnosis during their full recovery, in relation to the recovery process of their mother, who suffered from bulimia. The aim of the report is to highlight the deep, unconscious mechanisms of interaction between mother and child and to open a discussion on whether this was the most crucial factor in a child's development—whether in their natural growth or during an intensive phase of recovery as their system cleared from addiction.
Design
This study aims to track the dynamic changes in the condition of a 5-year-old boy diagnosed with autism and screen addiction, along with his 36-year-old mother, who has a 21-year history of bulimia, over the course of a 20-week therapeutic process. The focus of the research was on symptomatic, functional, and psychosocial transformations, analyzing both the overall progress of the two participants and the differences in the pace and manifestations of change.
At the beginning of the therapy, the child's condition was assessed to determine the severity of screen addiction and associated symptoms using qEEG, peripheral signal sensors, and non-instrumental tests. Throughout the study, the child underwent a non-instrumental therapy program aimed at treating screen addiction and resolving cognitive, behavioral, and emotional difficulties.
Simultaneously, the mother participated in a therapeutic program. qEEG measurements were conducted during the first and last weeks of the intervention. Autonomic peripheral signals were measured, including heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) smoothness, peripheral temperature, respiratory rate, skin conductance level (SCL), and electromyography (EMG). These signals were recorded using the 8-channel Gp8 Amp hardware and Alive Pioneer Plus software from Somatic Vision Inc., USA. The same setup was used for the biofeedback sessions with the mother.
In addition to neurophysiological assessments, the mother’s clinical symptoms were regularly monitored, taking into account both her long history of eating disorders and the psychophysiological aspects of stress and emotional regulation.
The therapeutic sessions for both the mother and the child were conducted in parallel once a week, each lasting 50 minutes, in adjacent rooms—one designated for the child and another for the mother. Progress tracking included an assessment of symptomatic changes, functional improvements, and psychosocial transformations. The analysis was based on a comparison of the participants' initial and final conditions, identifying patterns in their developmental dynamics and the degree of interaction between changes in the mother and the child. A complete screen detox was implemented for the child.
Data processing was carried out using a combined quantitative and qualitative analysis. Quantitative measurements included a comparative analysis of the mother’s qEEG indicators, biofeedback parameters, and symptom assessments before and after therapy. Meanwhile, the qualitative analysis focused on observations of psychosocial and behavioral changes in both participants.
The expected results of the study involved identifying patterns in the parallel changes observed in both the mother and the child, clarifying the potential relationship between the mother's improvement and the child's progress or symptom deterioration, and determining key factors that either contribute to the effectiveness of the therapeutic process or hinder it.
This research design provided an opportunity for a deeper understanding of the recovery dynamics of a child with screen addiction in the context of parental health and the family environment. Additionally, it highlights the role of therapy in facilitating necessary and possible improvements.
Results
Initial Assessment
The data revealed increased activity in slow-wave frequencies (theta and delta, 2–5 Hz), which is characteristic of reduced alertness, cognitive sluggishness, and impaired information processing. The child’s initial assessment confirmed significant developmental deficits.
Behaviorally, the child exhibited automatic and non-purposeful speech that lacked communicative function. Stereotypical movements, such as hand flapping, were observed, indicating challenges in sensory processing and self-regulation. Anxiety levels were high, as reflected in physiological markers: low heart rate variability (HRV) at rest, an elevated average heart rate (113 bpm), skin conductance level (SCL) at the third degree of tension, and low peripheral temperature (22°C). Additionally, the child demonstrated a lack of eye contact, low muscle tone in the upper body, and a tendency to walk on tiptoes. No interest in social interactions was observed.
According to the data provided by the mother, the first signs of developmental difficulties appeared around the child’s first year of life. By the age of three, the expected speech development had not occurred, and the child did not exhibit typical language acquisition patterns.
Speech emergence occurred at the age of three but remained active for only a short period before the child suddenly stopped using it. Following this regression, a significant withdrawal from communication was observed, along with increased social isolation and limited engagement with the environment, which the mother described as "retreating into himself."
During the initial therapy session, the family sought help due to the child’s severe behavioral problems. Although the primary focus was initially on the child, the assessment revealed significant indicators of chronic stress and autonomic dysfunction in the mother, confirmed both by her subjective complaints and neurophysiological measurements.
The analysis of qEEG data showed impaired cortical activation, with increased theta activity, particularly in the frontal and central brain regions. These findings are characteristic of extreme exhaustion, associated with chronic hypofunction of the nervous system and an inability for adaptive mobilization. A deficiency in beta activity was also recorded, correlating with difficulties in concentration, persistent fatigue, and reduced cognitive flexibility.
Peripheral physiological measurements confirmed the presence of vagotonia, characterized by dominant activation of the parasympathetic nervous system in a state that does not lead to effective relaxation but rather to chronic "freeze" stress responses. Low blood pressure, a tendency toward cold extremities, low heart rate with minimal variability, and breathing regulation disturbances—manifesting as periodic sensations of breathlessness or an inability to take deep breaths—were recorded.
Data from biofeedback sessions indicated an inability to achieve effective activation and relaxation, a pattern commonly observed in individuals with a history of eating disorders, where autonomic nervous system regulation is chronically impaired.
Regarding the family environment, an outwardly stable dynamic was observed, with clear signs of affection and support among family members. The parents shared that their main commitment had been to the family business, which, despite being successful, created a high level of workload and often limited their time for personal life and rest.
Nevertheless, the family demonstrated close relationships characterized by attachment and mutual care. The mother described the father as devoted, loving, and caring, emphasizing his active role in family life and the child's upbringing.
Week 6 of Therapy
At this point, five weeks of therapy had been completed. During the session, the following improvements were observed in the child, some of which were reported by the mother, while others were noted by the therapists:
- A reduction in stereotypical movements
- Interest in the activities of family members
- Interest in other children and a desire to play with them
- Eye contact maintained for about 2–3 seconds
- No longer seeking screen devices
The mother also showed improvements in autonomic functioning. She had learned to recognize her episodes of anxiety and applied individually tailored exercises, developed during therapy, to manage her condition. Improvements were observed in HRV and peripheral temperature, both during tasks and at rest.
She shared that on several days each week, she managed to avoid purging and had started to regulate her food intake in a healthy way—eating balanced portions without deprivation or overeating. She reported a significant improvement in her overall well-being, and on the days she did not engage in purging, she felt particularly proud of herself.
On one of these days, a vivid memory of her mother surfaced. She realized that her mother had taught her to induce vomiting after meals and to develop an unhealthy relationship with her body and its needs when she was just 15 years old. During the session, she expressed intense anger toward her mother, blaming her for her long-standing illness.
Week 7 of Therapy
During the session, the following improvements were observed in the child:
- Reduced anxiety
- Visible interest in others
- Imitation of the therapists’ movements with hands and feet
- Engaging in a ball-passing game
- Demonstrating a willingness to cooperate with the therapists
The mother shared that she had gone an entire week without purging. She felt rejuvenated and hopeful. She mentioned that after her last conversation with the therapist, she had made a conscious decision to dedicate more personal time and care to her child. Until then, due to her professional commitments, she had largely left the child in the care of her own mother.
However, after beginning to feel anger and resentment toward her mother over her own condition, she decided she would no longer entrust her child’s care to her. As a result, she started personally taking care of her child after kindergarten. She acknowledged, for the first time, how much her absence had affected the child and how deeply the child needed her attention, particularly in following the therapists’ recommendations for home-based activities.
The mother was highly motivated to invest all her efforts into restoring both herself and her child. She also revealed that, despite her initial statements, the father was not actively involved in raising the child. He was constantly at work and only took the child to kindergarten in the mornings. Furthermore, she shared that their intimate relationship had been distant for a long time—they lived together out of obligation and had not had a sexual relationship since conceiving the child.
Week 8 of Therapy
During the session, the following improvements were observed in the child:
- Extended eye contact, maintaining it for 4–5 seconds
- Active participation in games, imitation, and dancing with the therapists
- Pronounced the first six words, as recorded by the mother over the past week
- Almost complete disappearance of automatic movements
The mother showed drastic improvements in autonomic nervous system (ANS) function and reported normalized sleep patterns.
She shared that over the weekend, she had taken her children on a trip without the father. For the first time, she mentioned that they had an older child, a 15-year-old. Over the past week, she had only purged once, triggered by a serious work-related issue. However, she described feeling very happy with her children during the weekend.
She realized that in recent years, she had neglected both her younger and older child. She felt foolish upon recognizing that her husband had expected her to work constantly, just like him. Because of him, she had also refrained from spending money, fearing his outbursts and insults. She had not bought herself new clothes in years and had only purchased the bare essentials for the children.
The paradox, she noted, was that they were financially well-off—their business was thriving, they owned properties, and they had savings—yet she felt guilty even when buying shoes for her children. Over the weekend, she decided to put an end to these unhealthy feelings and started making generous purchases for herself and her children, though without excess.
She continued avoiding contact with her mother and keeping her children at a distance from her, which made her feel better. Additionally, she and her husband had resumed their sexual relationship for the first time in six years, describing it as deeply satisfying for both of them.
Week 9 of Therapy
For the first time, the child arrived at therapy with the father instead of the mother. The mother had sent an email in advance, apologizing for her absence due to an incident at work.
The child exhibited anxiety, which had not been present in previous weeks. The child appeared restless, did not participate in games, and remained silent.
The father refused to work with the therapist and waited in the lobby while the session was conducted with the child. Midway through the session, he suddenly burst into the room uninvited and started shouting. He declared that he had no time for "nonsense" and that they were leaving. He claimed that the therapy was having a negative effect on the mother, which was why she was absent.
However, the child refused to leave with him, clinging to the therapists, crying, and making every effort to avoid the father—running around the room in distress. The therapists managed to calm the father by reminding him of the setting he was in, to which he responded that they were "cool people," but that no one could "fix" his child or his wife. He then grabbed the child and left while the child continued crying.
Week 10 of Therapy
The child showed signs of regression in both behavior and anxiety levels. Many automatic behaviors reappeared, and the mother reported that the child had been sleeping very restlessly over the past 10 days.
The mother did not show any indication that she was aware of how her husband had behaved the previous week. She appeared visibly worried, rushed, and anxious. Her previously improved HRV became disrupted every time she spoke. She was particularly distressed by the worsening symptoms in her child.
Over the past week, she had experienced four days of purging. She was overwhelmed with work-related issues—since spending her afternoons at home, problems at work had escalated dramatically. Employees were quitting, and she faced daily conflicts among the staff.
Weeks 11 and 12 of Therapy
The child's regression remained identical to the previous week. In the mother, alternating episodes of good functioning were observed alongside episodes of severe situational stress and freeze responses.
Week 13 of Therapy
The child showed visible improvements, arriving at the session smiling, making eye contact, greeting the therapists, and showing them a new toy he had been playing with. The mother shared that he was now speaking in phrases, expressing when he was hungry or needed to use the toilet, and saying "No" clearly and in the correct context. His sleep had improved, and he had developed a strong interest in painting with colors.
His need for physical contact with his mother had also increased—he was seeking comfort and cuddling more often, finding security in their closeness. He was able to focus for longer periods while coloring, demonstrating significant progress in his ability to concentrate. Additionally, for the first time, he had celebrated his birthday with conscious and expressed emotions, including excitement and joy. This indicated a revival of his emotional connection with those around him and an emerging ability to experience personal moments with genuine happiness.
The mother had begun to recognize certain aspects of her behavior and habits that she had previously ignored. She admitted that she often struggled with setting personal boundaries. Her desire to ensure that everyone around her was happy frequently came at the expense of her own needs and emotions.
She shared that over the past week, she had experienced a major family crisis following a conflict with her husband. She had come to the realization that for years, he had been manipulating her and reinforcing her feelings of worthlessness—insecurities that had already been instilled in her by her own mother. He had never treated her with tenderness, had not been intimate with her, had shown no respect, and had not been interested in her needs as a mother.
She revealed that the business was not actually a family enterprise but solely hers, while he had been merely employed with a salary. She had also uncovered that the issues at work and conflicts with colleagues stemmed from a series of his misuses of power.
Looking back, she recalled that, at his insistence, she had returned to work just two months after giving birth, leaving their child in the care of her mother. As a result, her mother had introduced excessive screen time, which had ultimately contributed to the child’s developmental damage.
The mother had made the firm decision to separate from her husband and remove him from the company. She regretted tolerating his neglectful attitude toward her and their children for so many years and allowing him to strip away her identity as both a woman and a mother. She felt anger toward both him and her mother. She also experienced guilt over her child’s struggles.
Despite the intensity and emotional weight of the conversation, the mother appeared visibly calm, alert, and resolute. Her overall functioning was stable, reflecting a newfound sense of determination and self-awareness.
Weeks 14 and 15 of Therapy
The improvements achieved in both the mother and the child remained stable, and symptoms gradually decreased. The child began noticing and expressing joy toward animals, a clear sign of reduced anxiety and increased engagement with the surrounding world. Significant changes were also observed in play—he started exploring new toys, indicating an expanding imagination and enhanced cognitive development. The fears that had previously restricted him had significantly diminished.
The child was now communicating more consciously, speaking clearly and with awareness, demonstrating growing emotional stability and confidence. His curiosity about the world had expanded to the point where he began exploring and engaging in mischievous behaviors—an essential part of healthy childhood curiosity.
A desire for creative expression also emerged, as he showed interest in music, began playing the piano, and started singing—further evidence of his increasing sense of enjoyment and creative potential.
Week 16 of Therapy
The child’s autistic traits had completely disappeared. The mother had gone more than five weeks without purging.
She shared that over the past long weekend, she had taken a trip with her children and her mother to try to be honest with her and express how she truly felt. She had expected a major argument, believing her mother would blame her for ending her marriage. However, this did not happen.
Instead, her mother expressed unwavering support for the divorce, stating that she had noticed the profound positive changes in both her daughter and grandchild, which made her genuinely happy.
When they discussed the purging, her mother apologized, admitting that she had taught her that method of coping with overeating after hearing about it from a colleague. She explained that she had never realized the consequences it would have and had regretted it for years but did not know how to help her daughter.
The two shared a moment of remorse and forgiveness. Contrary to the client’s expectations, their conversation did not destroy their relationship but instead strengthened it, bringing her a deep sense of relief and peace.
Week 20 of Therapy
The final assessment of the child’s functioning showed a complete recovery from screen addiction and the disappearance of autistic traits. The qEEG analysis aligned with the normative range for his age.
The mother shared that, for the first time in her life, she felt true happiness when spending time with her children. She had implemented changes in her company, hired a professional manager to take her place, and was determined to dedicate the coming years to bonding with her two children, traveling, and pursuing a long-postponed master's degree. The qEEG analysis showed no abnormalities.
Summary of Results
This study followed a 20-week therapeutic process involving a child diagnosed with autistic traits and severe screen addiction, as well as his mother, who suffered from chronic stress, autonomic imbalance, and long-term bulimia. Initial assessment data revealed significant neurophysiological and behavioral deviations in both participants. The child exhibited cognitive and sensory deficits, lack of eye contact, stereotypical movements, and withdrawal from social interactions. The mother was found to have severe vagotonia, characterized by chronic fatigue, low blood pressure, nervous system hypoactivation, and an inability to effectively regulate anxiety.
After six weeks of therapy, the first positive changes were recorded. The child showed a reduction in stereotypical movements, increased interest in others, and initial attempts at social interaction. Simultaneously, the mother demonstrated improvements in autonomic functioning, began applying self-regulation strategies, and gradually gained control over her eating habits, reducing episodes of purging.
During this period, deep personal and family issues emerged. The mother identified dysfunctional relationship patterns with both her own mother and her husband, leading to increasing inner conflict but also strengthening her motivation for change.
In the following weeks, the improvement process continued. The child began maintaining longer eye contact, participating in games, and showing a desire for interaction. For the first time, he started speaking words, marking a significant milestone in his communicative development.
The mother also underwent a positive transformation—for the first time in years, she spent quality time alone with her children, realized her absence from their lives, and actively began to compensate for this gap.
During this period, the true dynamics of her relationship with her husband became evident. As tensions escalated, it became clear that he had maintained a controlling pattern of behavior, contributing to her long-standing feelings of inferiority and submission.
Following an intense family crisis, the mother made a firm decision to separate from her husband and take control of her own life. Despite the emotional challenges, her functioning remained stable, serving as a key indicator of the lasting therapeutic changes she had achieved.
At the same time, the child continued to make significant progress—his speech skills developed further, anxiety levels decreased, and both imitation and social engagement improved.
By the end of the therapeutic process, both participants exhibited significant and lasting positive changes. The child had fully overcome screen addiction, and autistic traits had disappeared. The final qEEG analysis showed normalized brain activity consistent with age-appropriate norms.
The mother, in turn, achieved complete restoration of autonomic balance, no longer displaying symptoms of bulimia, anxiety, or autonomic dysfunction. Her personal priorities shifted—rather than continuing to manage her business, she appointed a professional manager and chose to dedicate herself to her children, traveling, and academic development.
Tracking the therapeutic process revealed a strong correlation between the child’s recovery and regressions and those of the mother. In the early weeks, the mother’s improvements coincided with the child’s first positive changes, such as a reduction in stereotypical movements, the emergence of eye contact, and increased interest in social interactions. This pattern suggests that as the mother stabilized her autonomic regulation and overcame her eating disorder, the child demonstrated cognitive and behavioral progress.
The reciprocal connection between them is particularly evident during moments of regression. After realizing the dysfunctional family dynamics and experiencing conflict with her husband, the mother went through increased stress, leading to a return of symptoms such as anxiety and episodes of purging. Almost immediately afterward, the child exhibited a resurgence of automatic behaviors, heightened anxiety, and a setback in previously achieved social progress.
The culmination of this process occurred during the escalation of conflict with the father, whose aggressive behavior triggered a severe regression in the child, marked by increased anxiety and a refusal to participate in therapy.
The subsequent stabilization of the mother, including her decision to distance herself from her husband, correlated with a sharp improvement in the child—enhanced social skills, speech development, and self-regulation. By the end of therapy, as the mother achieved full recovery and gained awareness of her personal boundaries, the child had completely overcome screen addiction, and autistic traits had disappeared.
These dynamics highlight the critical role of parental well-being in a child’s developmental process, demonstrating that the mother’s lasting transformation was a direct factor in the child’s stability and progress.
Conclusion
This study highlights the deep interconnection between the recovery of a child with screen addiction and autistic traits and the psychophysiological state of the mother. The analysis of their dynamic changes demonstrates that the mother’s improvement plays a crucial role in the child’s therapeutic progress, with her stabilization correlating with the cognitive and emotional recovery of her son. Conversely, any regression in her condition, triggered by external stressors, leads to a worsening of the child’s symptoms, emphasizing the importance of the family environment and the parent’s personal stability in the success of child therapy.
The recovery process involved phases of progress and regression, with the mother’s ability to recognize and transform dysfunctional patterns emerging as a key factor in sustaining long-term positive change. Her decisions—distancing herself from destructive relationships, setting personal boundaries, and taking an active role in her child’s life—directly impacted his development. The final results, including the complete resolution of screen addiction and the disappearance of autistic traits, demonstrate the effectiveness of a holistic therapeutic approach that focuses not only on the child but also on the primary environment shaping their development—the family.
These findings have significant practical and scientific implications, emphasizing the necessity of working with parents in parallel when treating children with neurodevelopmental disorders and addictions. The study’s results support the recommendation of an integrated therapeutic model that includes both direct interventions for the child and active regulation of parental psychophysiology and family dynamics.
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